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A Translation of Otto Binswanger's Article, 'The Delineation of the Generalized Progressive Paralyses'

John P. Blass, MD, PhD; Siegfried Hoyer, MD; Roger Nitsch, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Accepted for publication January 31, 1991.

Presented at the annual meeting of the Society of German Alienists, Dresden, East Germany, September 20,1894.

Reprint requests to the Burke Rehabilitation Center, 785 Mamaroneck Ave, White Plains, NY 10605 (Dr Blass).


Arch Neurol. 1991;48(9):961-972. doi:10.1001/archneur.1991.00530210089029
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The task with which the esteemed committee of our society has charged me, that is, the introduction of the discussion on the definition of generalized progressive paresis by the characterization of the important aspects of the condition, can be divided into three parts: (1) consideration of the anatomic criteria, (2) the causes, and (3) the clinical course.

I shall attempt a brief examination of those of the characteristic features of progressive paresis that allow its differential diagnosis from other similar and related conditions, basing my considerations on all three of these aspects. I hope I may be allowed to observe, however, that the limited scope of this short report will allow me to do no more than give an imprecise indication of the clinical picture and that I hope a more exact representation of the whole or of individual parts of the whole will emerge from the discussion.

The first

REFERENCES

Brun A, Englund E.  A white matter disorder in dementia of the Alzheimer type: a pathoanatomical study . Ann Neurol . 1986;;19:253-262.
Babikian V, Roper AH.  Binswanger's disease: a review . Stroke . 1987;;18:2-12.
Brust JCM.  Vascular dementia is overdiagnosed . Arch Neurol . 1988;;45:799-801.
Summergrad P, Peterson B.  Binswanger's disease, I: the clinical recognition of subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy in elderly neuropsychiatric patients . J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol . 1988;;2:123-133.
Binswanger O.  Die Abgrenzung der allgemeinen progresiven Paralyse . Berl Klin Wochenschr . 1894;;31:1103-1105, 1137-1139, 1180-1186.
Binswanger O.  Die Begrenzung der allgemeine Paralyse . Allg Zeitschr Psychiatr . 1895;;51:804-805.
Alzheimer A.  Discussion . Allg Zeitschr Psychiatr . 1895;;51:806.
Alzheimer A.  Die arteriosklerotische Atrophie des Gehirns . Allg Zeitschr Psychiatr . 1895;;51:809-811.
Kraepelin E. Psychiatrie: Ein Lehrbuch fuer Studierende und Aertzte . 8th ed. Leipzig, East Germany: Johann Ambrosius Barth; 1910;:620-621.
Bick K, Amaducci L, Pepeu G, eds. The Early Story of Alzheimer's Disease . Padua, Italy: Liviana Press; 1987;.
Krishman KRR, Goli V, Ellinwood EH, France RD, Blazer DG, Nemeroff CB.  Leukoencephalopathy in patients diagnosed as major depressive . Biol Psychiatry . 1988;;23:519-522.
Steingart A, Hachinski VC, Lau C, et al.  Cognitive and neurologic findings in subjects with diffuse white matter lucencies on computed tomographic scan (leuko-araiosis) . Arch Neurol . 1987;;44:32-35.
Inzitari D, Diaz F, Fox A, et al.  Vascular risk factors and leuko-araiosis . Arch Neurol . 1987;;44:42-47.
Steingart A, Hachinski VC, Lau C, et al.  Cognitive and neurologic findings in demented patients with diffuse white matter lucencies on computed tomographic scans (leuko-araiosis) . Arch Neurol 1987;;44:36-39.
Rao SM, Mittenberg W, Bernardin L, Haughton V, Leo GJ.  Neuropsychological test findings in subjects with leukoaraiosis . Arch Neurol . 1989;;46:40-44.
Tomanaga M, Yamanouchi H, Tonghi H, Kameyama M.  Clinicopathological study of progressive subcortical vascular encephalopathy (Binswanger disease) in the elderly . J Am Geriatr Soc . 1982;;30:524-529.
Lotz PR, Balinger WE, Quisling RG.  Subacute arteriosclerotic encephalopathy: CT spectrum and pathologic correlation . Am J Radiol . 1986;;147:1209-1214.
Coffey CE, Figiel GS, Djang WT, et al.  White matter hyperintensity on magnetic resonance imaging: clinical and neuroanatomical correlates in the depressed elderly . Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci . 1989;;1:135-144.
Libon DJ, Scanlon M, Swenson R, Coslet HB.  Binswanger's disease: some neuropsychological considerations . J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol . 1990;;3:31-40.
Pulsinelli WA, Duffy TE.  Local cerebral glucose metabolism during controlled hypoxemia in rats . Science . 1979;;204:626-629.
Burnstock G.  Ultrastructure of the vascular neuroeffector apparatus, with special regard to brain vessels . In: Owmen C, Edvivinsson L, eds. Neurogenic Control of the Brain Circulation . New York, NY: Pergamon Press Inc; 1977;:3-14.
Rowe JW, Kahn RL.  Human aging: usual and successful . Science . 1987;;237:143-149.

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Brun A, Englund E.  A white matter disorder in dementia of the Alzheimer type: a pathoanatomical study . Ann Neurol . 1986;;19:253-262.
Babikian V, Roper AH.  Binswanger's disease: a review . Stroke . 1987;;18:2-12.
Brust JCM.  Vascular dementia is overdiagnosed . Arch Neurol . 1988;;45:799-801.
Summergrad P, Peterson B.  Binswanger's disease, I: the clinical recognition of subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy in elderly neuropsychiatric patients . J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol . 1988;;2:123-133.
Binswanger O.  Die Abgrenzung der allgemeinen progresiven Paralyse . Berl Klin Wochenschr . 1894;;31:1103-1105, 1137-1139, 1180-1186.
Binswanger O.  Die Begrenzung der allgemeine Paralyse . Allg Zeitschr Psychiatr . 1895;;51:804-805.
Alzheimer A.  Discussion . Allg Zeitschr Psychiatr . 1895;;51:806.
Alzheimer A.  Die arteriosklerotische Atrophie des Gehirns . Allg Zeitschr Psychiatr . 1895;;51:809-811.
Kraepelin E. Psychiatrie: Ein Lehrbuch fuer Studierende und Aertzte . 8th ed. Leipzig, East Germany: Johann Ambrosius Barth; 1910;:620-621.
Bick K, Amaducci L, Pepeu G, eds. The Early Story of Alzheimer's Disease . Padua, Italy: Liviana Press; 1987;.
Krishman KRR, Goli V, Ellinwood EH, France RD, Blazer DG, Nemeroff CB.  Leukoencephalopathy in patients diagnosed as major depressive . Biol Psychiatry . 1988;;23:519-522.
Steingart A, Hachinski VC, Lau C, et al.  Cognitive and neurologic findings in subjects with diffuse white matter lucencies on computed tomographic scan (leuko-araiosis) . Arch Neurol . 1987;;44:32-35.
Inzitari D, Diaz F, Fox A, et al.  Vascular risk factors and leuko-araiosis . Arch Neurol . 1987;;44:42-47.
Steingart A, Hachinski VC, Lau C, et al.  Cognitive and neurologic findings in demented patients with diffuse white matter lucencies on computed tomographic scans (leuko-araiosis) . Arch Neurol 1987;;44:36-39.
Rao SM, Mittenberg W, Bernardin L, Haughton V, Leo GJ.  Neuropsychological test findings in subjects with leukoaraiosis . Arch Neurol . 1989;;46:40-44.
Tomanaga M, Yamanouchi H, Tonghi H, Kameyama M.  Clinicopathological study of progressive subcortical vascular encephalopathy (Binswanger disease) in the elderly . J Am Geriatr Soc . 1982;;30:524-529.
Lotz PR, Balinger WE, Quisling RG.  Subacute arteriosclerotic encephalopathy: CT spectrum and pathologic correlation . Am J Radiol . 1986;;147:1209-1214.
Coffey CE, Figiel GS, Djang WT, et al.  White matter hyperintensity on magnetic resonance imaging: clinical and neuroanatomical correlates in the depressed elderly . Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci . 1989;;1:135-144.
Libon DJ, Scanlon M, Swenson R, Coslet HB.  Binswanger's disease: some neuropsychological considerations . J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol . 1990;;3:31-40.
Pulsinelli WA, Duffy TE.  Local cerebral glucose metabolism during controlled hypoxemia in rats . Science . 1979;;204:626-629.
Burnstock G.  Ultrastructure of the vascular neuroeffector apparatus, with special regard to brain vessels . In: Owmen C, Edvivinsson L, eds. Neurogenic Control of the Brain Circulation . New York, NY: Pergamon Press Inc; 1977;:3-14.
Rowe JW, Kahn RL.  Human aging: usual and successful . Science . 1987;;237:143-149.

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