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May 1984, Vol 41, No. 5 >
Article | May 1984

Visuospatial Impairment in Parkinson's Disease: Title and subTitle BreakRole of Perceptual and Motor Factors

François Boller, MD, PhD; Domenico Passafiume, PhD; Nanci C. Keefe, MA; Karl Rogers; Lisa Morrow, MA; Youngjai Kim, PhD
[+] Author Affiliations

Accepted for publication June 16, 1983.

Read before the 34th annual meeting of the American Academy of Neurology, Washington, DC, April 29, 1982.

Reprint requests to Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, 322 Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 (Dr Boller).


Arch Neurol. 1984;41(5):485-490. doi:10.1001/archneur.1984.04050170031011
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• We investigated the role of perceptual and motor factors in visuospatial impairment in 30 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 30 matched controls. All subjects were administered visuospatial tests, which included "visuoperceptual" tasks, requiring minimal motor responses, and "visuomotor" tasks. The performance of patients with PD was considerably impaired on several tasks from both groups, and this impairment was not related to depression or intellectual impairment. Patients in stage 3 of the disease tended to show the greatest impairment. Those in stage 1 (unilateral symptoms), however, tended to show more impairment than those in stage 2.

REFERENCES

1 +
Boller F, Mizutani T, Roessmann U, et al:  Parkinson disease, dementia and Alzheimer disease: Clinicopathological correlations . Ann Neurol 1980;;7:329-335.
2 +
Hakim AM, Mathieson G:  Dementia in Parkinson disease: A neuropathologic study . Neurology 1979;;29:1209-1214.
3 +
Heston LL:  Genetic studies of dementia , in Mortimer J, Schuman F (eds): The Epidemiology of Dementia . New York, Oxford University Press, 1981;, pp 101-114.
4 +
Lieberman A, Dziatolowski M, Kupersmith M, et al:  Dementia in Parkinson disease . Ann Neurol 1979;;6:355-359.
5 +
Whitehouse PJ, Hedreen JC, White C, et al:  Loss of neurons in the nucleus basalis in the dementia of Parkinson's disease . Ann Neurol 1983;;13:243-248.
6 +
Pirozzolo FJ, Hansch EC, Mortimer JA, et al:  Dementia in Parkinson disease: A neuropsychological analysis . Brain and Cognition 1982;; 1:71-83.
7 +
Bossom J:  The effect of brain lesions on prism adaptation in monkeys . Psychon Sci 1965;;2:45-46.
8 +
Caan WC, Stein JF:  The effects of cooling globus pallidus on manual tracking in trained rhesus monkeys . J Physiol 1979;;293:69.
9 +
Rosvold HE:  The frontal lobe system: Cortical-subcortical interrelationships . Acta Neurobiol Exp 1972;;32:439-460.
10 +
Teuber HL:  Complex functions of basal ganglia , in Yahr MD (ed): The Basal Ganglia . New York, Raven Press, 1976;, pp 151-168.
11 +
Thompson R:  Localization of the "maze memory system" in the white rat . Physiol Psychol 1974;;2:1-7.
12 +
Meier MJ, Story JL:  Selective impairment of Porteus Maze test performances after right subthalamotomy . Neuropsychologia 1976;;5:181-189.
13 +
Perret E, Kohenof M, Siegfried J:  Influences de lésions thalamiques unilatérales sur les fonctions intellectuelles, mnésiques et d'apprentissage des malades Parkinsoniens . Neuropsychologia 1969;;7:79-88.
14 +
Bowen FP:  Behavioral alterations in patients with basal ganglia lesions , in Yahr MD (ed): The Basal Ganglia . New York, Raven Press, 1976;, pp 169-177.
15 +
Boller F:  Mental status of patients with Parkinson disease . J Clin Neuropsychol 1980;; 2:157-182.
16 +
Aubert H:  Eine scheinbare bedeutende Drehung von Objekten bei Neigung des Kopfer nach rechts und links . Arch Pathol Anat Physiol 1861;;20:351-383.
17 +
Danta G, Hilton RD:  Judgement of the visual vertical and horizontal in patients with parkinsonism . Neurology 1975;;25:43-67.
18 +
Proctor F, Riklan M, Cooper ST, et al:  Judgement of visual and postural vertical by parkinsonian patients . Neurology 1964;;14:287-293.
19 +
Teuber HL, Proctor F:  Some effects of basal ganglia lesions in subhuman primates and in man . Neuropsychologia 1964;;2:85-93.
20 +
Bowen FP, Hoehn MM, Yahr MD:  Cerebral dominance in relation to tapping and tracking behavior in patients with parkinsonism . Neurology 1972;;22:32-40.
21 +
Bowen FP, Hoehn MM, Yahr MD:  Parkinsonism: Alterations in spatial orientation as determined by a route-walking task . Neuropsychologia 1972;;10:355-361.
22 +
Mortimer JA, Pirozzolo FJ, Hansch EC, et al:  Relationship of motor symptoms to intellectual deficits in Parkinson disease . Neurology 1982;; 32:133-137.
23 +
Hoehn MM, Yahr MD:  Parkinsonism: Onset, progression and mortality . Neurology 1967;;17:427-442.
24 +
Purdue Research Foundation: Examiner's Manual for the Purdue Pegboard . Chicago, Science Research Association, 1948;.
25 +
Dunn LM: Expanded Manual for the Pea-body Picture Vocabulary Test . Circle Pines, Minn, American Guidance Service, 1965;.
26 +
Blessed G, Tomlinson BE, Roth M:  The association between quantitative measures of dementia and of senile change in the cerebral grey matter of elderly subjects . Br J Psychiatry 1968;;114:797-811.
27 +
Hachinski VC, Iliff LD, Zihlka E, et al:  Cerebral blood flow in dementia . Arch Neurol 1975;;32:632-637.
28 +
Hamilton M:  A rating scale for depression . J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1960;;23:56-62.
29 +
Carroll BJ, Fielding JM, Blashki TG:  Depression rating scales: A critical review . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1973;;23:361-373.
30 +
Wepman JM, Turaids D: Spatial Orientation Memory Test . Chicago, Language Research Associates, 1975;.
31 +
Benton AL: The Revised Visual Retention Test . New York, Psychological Corp, 1963;.
32 +
Benton AL: Manuel du test de retention visuelle: Applications cliniques et experimentales , ed 2. Paris, Centre de Psychologie Appliquée, 1965;.
33 +
Wepman JM, Morency A, Seidl M: Visual Discrimination Test . Chicago, Language Research Associates, 1975;.
34 +
Hooper HE: The Hooper Visual Organization Test . Los Angeles, Western Psychological Services, 1958;.
35 +
DeRenzi E, Faglioni P:  The relationship between visuo-spatial impairment and constructional apraxia . Cortex 1967;;3:327-342.
36 +
Benton AL, Hannay HJ, Varnay NR:  Visual perception of line direction in patients with unilateral brain disease . Neurology 1975;; 25:907-910.
37 +
Royer FL, Holland TR:  Rotation of visual designs in psychopathological groups . J Consult Clin Psychol 1975;;43:546-556.
38 +
Ratcliffe G:  Spatial thought, mental rotation and the right cerebral hemisphere . Neuropsychologia 1979;;17:49-54.
39 +
Ferguson GA: Statistical Analysis in Psychology and Education , ed 2. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co, 1966;.
40 +
DeRenzi E, Faglioni R, Scotti G:  Judgement of spatial orientation in patients with focal brain damage . J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1971;;34:489-495.
41 +
Meier MJ, Martin WE:  Intellectual changes associated with levodopa therapy . JAMA 1970;; 213:465-466.
42 +
Botez MI, Barbeau A:  Long-term mental changes in levodopa treated patients . Lancet 1973;;2:1028-1029.

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1 +
Boller F, Mizutani T, Roessmann U, et al:  Parkinson disease, dementia and Alzheimer disease: Clinicopathological correlations . Ann Neurol 1980;;7:329-335.
2 +
Hakim AM, Mathieson G:  Dementia in Parkinson disease: A neuropathologic study . Neurology 1979;;29:1209-1214.
3 +
Heston LL:  Genetic studies of dementia , in Mortimer J, Schuman F (eds): The Epidemiology of Dementia . New York, Oxford University Press, 1981;, pp 101-114.
4 +
Lieberman A, Dziatolowski M, Kupersmith M, et al:  Dementia in Parkinson disease . Ann Neurol 1979;;6:355-359.
5 +
Whitehouse PJ, Hedreen JC, White C, et al:  Loss of neurons in the nucleus basalis in the dementia of Parkinson's disease . Ann Neurol 1983;;13:243-248.
6 +
Pirozzolo FJ, Hansch EC, Mortimer JA, et al:  Dementia in Parkinson disease: A neuropsychological analysis . Brain and Cognition 1982;; 1:71-83.
7 +
Bossom J:  The effect of brain lesions on prism adaptation in monkeys . Psychon Sci 1965;;2:45-46.
8 +
Caan WC, Stein JF:  The effects of cooling globus pallidus on manual tracking in trained rhesus monkeys . J Physiol 1979;;293:69.
9 +
Rosvold HE:  The frontal lobe system: Cortical-subcortical interrelationships . Acta Neurobiol Exp 1972;;32:439-460.
10 +
Teuber HL:  Complex functions of basal ganglia , in Yahr MD (ed): The Basal Ganglia . New York, Raven Press, 1976;, pp 151-168.
11 +
Thompson R:  Localization of the "maze memory system" in the white rat . Physiol Psychol 1974;;2:1-7.
12 +
Meier MJ, Story JL:  Selective impairment of Porteus Maze test performances after right subthalamotomy . Neuropsychologia 1976;;5:181-189.
13 +
Perret E, Kohenof M, Siegfried J:  Influences de lésions thalamiques unilatérales sur les fonctions intellectuelles, mnésiques et d'apprentissage des malades Parkinsoniens . Neuropsychologia 1969;;7:79-88.
14 +
Bowen FP:  Behavioral alterations in patients with basal ganglia lesions , in Yahr MD (ed): The Basal Ganglia . New York, Raven Press, 1976;, pp 169-177.
15 +
Boller F:  Mental status of patients with Parkinson disease . J Clin Neuropsychol 1980;; 2:157-182.
16 +
Aubert H:  Eine scheinbare bedeutende Drehung von Objekten bei Neigung des Kopfer nach rechts und links . Arch Pathol Anat Physiol 1861;;20:351-383.
17 +
Danta G, Hilton RD:  Judgement of the visual vertical and horizontal in patients with parkinsonism . Neurology 1975;;25:43-67.
18 +
Proctor F, Riklan M, Cooper ST, et al:  Judgement of visual and postural vertical by parkinsonian patients . Neurology 1964;;14:287-293.
19 +
Teuber HL, Proctor F:  Some effects of basal ganglia lesions in subhuman primates and in man . Neuropsychologia 1964;;2:85-93.
20 +
Bowen FP, Hoehn MM, Yahr MD:  Cerebral dominance in relation to tapping and tracking behavior in patients with parkinsonism . Neurology 1972;;22:32-40.
21 +
Bowen FP, Hoehn MM, Yahr MD:  Parkinsonism: Alterations in spatial orientation as determined by a route-walking task . Neuropsychologia 1972;;10:355-361.
22 +
Mortimer JA, Pirozzolo FJ, Hansch EC, et al:  Relationship of motor symptoms to intellectual deficits in Parkinson disease . Neurology 1982;; 32:133-137.
23 +
Hoehn MM, Yahr MD:  Parkinsonism: Onset, progression and mortality . Neurology 1967;;17:427-442.
24 +
Purdue Research Foundation: Examiner's Manual for the Purdue Pegboard . Chicago, Science Research Association, 1948;.
25 +
Dunn LM: Expanded Manual for the Pea-body Picture Vocabulary Test . Circle Pines, Minn, American Guidance Service, 1965;.
26 +
Blessed G, Tomlinson BE, Roth M:  The association between quantitative measures of dementia and of senile change in the cerebral grey matter of elderly subjects . Br J Psychiatry 1968;;114:797-811.
27 +
Hachinski VC, Iliff LD, Zihlka E, et al:  Cerebral blood flow in dementia . Arch Neurol 1975;;32:632-637.
28 +
Hamilton M:  A rating scale for depression . J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1960;;23:56-62.
29 +
Carroll BJ, Fielding JM, Blashki TG:  Depression rating scales: A critical review . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1973;;23:361-373.
30 +
Wepman JM, Turaids D: Spatial Orientation Memory Test . Chicago, Language Research Associates, 1975;.
31 +
Benton AL: The Revised Visual Retention Test . New York, Psychological Corp, 1963;.
32 +
Benton AL: Manuel du test de retention visuelle: Applications cliniques et experimentales , ed 2. Paris, Centre de Psychologie Appliquée, 1965;.
33 +
Wepman JM, Morency A, Seidl M: Visual Discrimination Test . Chicago, Language Research Associates, 1975;.
34 +
Hooper HE: The Hooper Visual Organization Test . Los Angeles, Western Psychological Services, 1958;.
35 +
DeRenzi E, Faglioni P:  The relationship between visuo-spatial impairment and constructional apraxia . Cortex 1967;;3:327-342.
36 +
Benton AL, Hannay HJ, Varnay NR:  Visual perception of line direction in patients with unilateral brain disease . Neurology 1975;; 25:907-910.
37 +
Royer FL, Holland TR:  Rotation of visual designs in psychopathological groups . J Consult Clin Psychol 1975;;43:546-556.
38 +
Ratcliffe G:  Spatial thought, mental rotation and the right cerebral hemisphere . Neuropsychologia 1979;;17:49-54.
39 +
Ferguson GA: Statistical Analysis in Psychology and Education , ed 2. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co, 1966;.
40 +
DeRenzi E, Faglioni R, Scotti G:  Judgement of spatial orientation in patients with focal brain damage . J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1971;;34:489-495.
41 +
Meier MJ, Martin WE:  Intellectual changes associated with levodopa therapy . JAMA 1970;; 213:465-466.
42 +
Botez MI, Barbeau A:  Long-term mental changes in levodopa treated patients . Lancet 1973;;2:1028-1029.

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