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January 1984, Vol 41, No. 1 >
Article | January 1984

The Transient Global Amnesia-Migraine Connection

G. Frank Crowell, MD; David A. Stump, PhD; José Biller, MD; Lawrence C. McHenry, Jr, MD; James F. Toole, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Accepted for publication March 29, 1983.

Read in part before the American Academy of Neurology, Washington, DC, April 29, 1982.

Reprint requests to Department of Neurology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27103 (Dr Crowell).


Arch Neurol. 1984;41(1):75-79. doi:10.1001/archneur.1984.04050130081029
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• Twelve patients with transient global amnesia (TGA) were studied. Seven (58%) of the 12 had a headache during their attack; five (42%) of the 12 were migraineurs. Measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) by the xenon Xe 133 inhalation method showed similar patterns of flow in five of the seven patients tested. The rCBF abnormalities were impaired vasomotor response in the watershed area between the middle cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery territories, and/or focal ischemia in the inferior part of the temporal lobe. These rCBF abnormalities differed from those seen in patients with carotid transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) and vertebrobasilar TIAs. We speculate that the vasomotor phenomena in migraine may play a major role in the cause of TGA.

REFERENCES

1 +
Bender MB:  Syndrome of isolated episodes of confusion with amnesia . J Hillside Hospital 1956;;5:212-215.
2 +
Fisher CM, Adams RD:  Transient global amnesia . Trans Am Neurol Assoc 1958;;83:143-146.
3 +
Shuping JR, Rollinson RD, Toole JF:  Transient global amnesia . Ann Neurol 1980;;7:281-285.
4 +
Hartley TC, Heilman KM, Garcia-Bengochea F:  A case of transient global amnesia due to a pituitary tumor . Neurology 1974;;24:998-1000.
5 +
Lisak RP, Zimmerman RA:  Transient global amnesia due to a dominant hemisphere tumor . Arch Neurol 1975;;34:317-318.
6 +
Shuping JR, Alexander E, Toole JF:  Transient global amnesia due to dominant hemisphere glioma . Neurology 1980;;30:88-90.
7 +
Greenlee JE, Crampton RS, Miller J:  Transient global amnesia with cardiac arrhythmia and digitalis intoxication . Stroke 1975;;6:513-516.
8 +
Mumenthaler M, Kaeser HE, Meyer A, et al:  Transient global amnesia after clioquinol: Five personal observations from outside Japan . J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1979;;42:1084-1090.
9 +
Gilbert JJ, Benson DF:  Transient global amnesia: Report of two cases with definite etiologies . J Nerv Ment Dis 1972;;154:461-464.
10 +
Wales LR, Asher A:  Transient global amnesia: Complication of cerebral angiography . AJNR 1981;;2:275-277.
11 +
Shuttleworth E, Wise GR:  Transient global amnesia due to arterial embolism . Arch Neurol 1973;;29:340-342.
12 +
Fisher CM, Adams RD:  Transient global amnesia syndrome . Acta Neurol Scand 1964;; 40( (suppl 9) ):7-82.
13 +
Steinmetz EG, Vroom F:  Transient global amnesia . Neurology 1972;;22:1193-1200.
14 +
Fogelholm R, Kivalo E, Bergstrom L:  The transient global amnesia syndrome . Eur Neurol 1975;;13:72-84.
15 +
Olivarius B, Jensen TS:  Transient global amnesia in migraine . Headache 1979;;19:335-338.
16 +
Caplan LR, Chedru F, Lhermitte F, et al:  Transient global amnesia and migraine . Neurology 1981;;31:1167-1170.
17 +
Jensen TS, Olivarius B:  Transient global amnesia: Its clinical and pathophysiological basis and prognosis . Acta Neurol Scand 1981;; 63:220-230.
18 +
Mathew NT, Meyer JS:  Pathogenesis and natural history of transient global amnesia . Stroke 1974;;5:303-311.
19 +
Cantor F:  Transient global amnesia and temporal lobe seizures . Neurology 1971;;21:430-431.
20 +
Kesner R, Dixon D, Pickett D, et al:  Experimental animal model of TGA: Role of the hippocampus . Neuropsychologia 1975;;13:465-480.
21 +
Deisenhammer E:  Transient global amnesia as an epileptic manifestation . J Neurol 1981;;225:289-292.
22 +
Green HH, Bennett DR:  Transient global amnesia with a previously unreported EEG abnormality . Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1974;;36:409-413.
23 +
Toole JF, Patel AN: Cerebrovascular Disorders , ed 2. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co, 1974;.
24 +
Sakai F, Meyer JS:  Regional cerebral hemodynamics during migraine and cluster headache measured by the 133 Xe inhalation method . Headache 1978;;19:122-132.
25 +
Skinhøj E, Paulson OB:  Regional blood flow in internal carotid distribution during migraine attack . Br Med J 1969;;3:569-570.
26 +
Mathew NT, Hrastnik F, Meyer JS:  Regional cerebral blood flow in the diagnosis of vascular headache . Headache 1976;;15:252-260.
27 +
Olesen J, Larsen B, Lauritzen M:  Focal hyperemia followed by spreading oligemia and impaired activation of rCBF in classic migraine . Ann Neurol 1981;;9:344-352.
28 +
Grindal AB, Toole JF:  Headache and transient ischemic attacks . Stroke 1974;;5:603-606.
29 +
Edmeads J:  The headaches of ischemic cerebrovascular disease . Headache 1979;;19:345-349.
30 +
Medina JL, Diamond S, Rubino FA:  Headaches in patients with transient ischemic attacks . Headache 1975;;15:194-197.
31 +
Litman GI, Friedman HM:  Migraine and the mitral valve prolapse syndrome . Am Heart J 1978;;96:610-614.
32 +
Skinhøj E:  Hemodynamic studies within the brain during migraine . Arch Neurol 1973;; 29:95-98.
33 +
Norris JW, Hachinski VC, Cooper PW:  Changes in cerebral blood flow during a migraine attack . Br Med J 1975;;3:676-684.
34 +
Edmeads J:  Cerebral blood flow in migraine . Headache 1977;;17:148-152.
35 +
Simard D, Paulson OB:  Cerebral vasomotor paralysis during migraine attack . Arch Neurol 1973;;29:207-209.
36 +
Masel BE, Chesson AL, Peters BH, et al:  Platelet antagonists in migraine prophylaxis: A clinical trial using aspirin and dipyridamole . Headache 1980;;20:13-18.
37 +
O'Neill HP, Mann JD:  Aspirin prophylaxis in migraine . Lancet 1978;;2:1179.
38 +
Ziegler DK, Wong G Jr:  Migraine in children: Clinical and electroencephalographic study of families . Epilepsia 1967;;8:171-187.

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1 +
Bender MB:  Syndrome of isolated episodes of confusion with amnesia . J Hillside Hospital 1956;;5:212-215.
2 +
Fisher CM, Adams RD:  Transient global amnesia . Trans Am Neurol Assoc 1958;;83:143-146.
3 +
Shuping JR, Rollinson RD, Toole JF:  Transient global amnesia . Ann Neurol 1980;;7:281-285.
4 +
Hartley TC, Heilman KM, Garcia-Bengochea F:  A case of transient global amnesia due to a pituitary tumor . Neurology 1974;;24:998-1000.
5 +
Lisak RP, Zimmerman RA:  Transient global amnesia due to a dominant hemisphere tumor . Arch Neurol 1975;;34:317-318.
6 +
Shuping JR, Alexander E, Toole JF:  Transient global amnesia due to dominant hemisphere glioma . Neurology 1980;;30:88-90.
7 +
Greenlee JE, Crampton RS, Miller J:  Transient global amnesia with cardiac arrhythmia and digitalis intoxication . Stroke 1975;;6:513-516.
8 +
Mumenthaler M, Kaeser HE, Meyer A, et al:  Transient global amnesia after clioquinol: Five personal observations from outside Japan . J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1979;;42:1084-1090.
9 +
Gilbert JJ, Benson DF:  Transient global amnesia: Report of two cases with definite etiologies . J Nerv Ment Dis 1972;;154:461-464.
10 +
Wales LR, Asher A:  Transient global amnesia: Complication of cerebral angiography . AJNR 1981;;2:275-277.
11 +
Shuttleworth E, Wise GR:  Transient global amnesia due to arterial embolism . Arch Neurol 1973;;29:340-342.
12 +
Fisher CM, Adams RD:  Transient global amnesia syndrome . Acta Neurol Scand 1964;; 40( (suppl 9) ):7-82.
13 +
Steinmetz EG, Vroom F:  Transient global amnesia . Neurology 1972;;22:1193-1200.
14 +
Fogelholm R, Kivalo E, Bergstrom L:  The transient global amnesia syndrome . Eur Neurol 1975;;13:72-84.
15 +
Olivarius B, Jensen TS:  Transient global amnesia in migraine . Headache 1979;;19:335-338.
16 +
Caplan LR, Chedru F, Lhermitte F, et al:  Transient global amnesia and migraine . Neurology 1981;;31:1167-1170.
17 +
Jensen TS, Olivarius B:  Transient global amnesia: Its clinical and pathophysiological basis and prognosis . Acta Neurol Scand 1981;; 63:220-230.
18 +
Mathew NT, Meyer JS:  Pathogenesis and natural history of transient global amnesia . Stroke 1974;;5:303-311.
19 +
Cantor F:  Transient global amnesia and temporal lobe seizures . Neurology 1971;;21:430-431.
20 +
Kesner R, Dixon D, Pickett D, et al:  Experimental animal model of TGA: Role of the hippocampus . Neuropsychologia 1975;;13:465-480.
21 +
Deisenhammer E:  Transient global amnesia as an epileptic manifestation . J Neurol 1981;;225:289-292.
22 +
Green HH, Bennett DR:  Transient global amnesia with a previously unreported EEG abnormality . Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1974;;36:409-413.
23 +
Toole JF, Patel AN: Cerebrovascular Disorders , ed 2. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co, 1974;.
24 +
Sakai F, Meyer JS:  Regional cerebral hemodynamics during migraine and cluster headache measured by the 133 Xe inhalation method . Headache 1978;;19:122-132.
25 +
Skinhøj E, Paulson OB:  Regional blood flow in internal carotid distribution during migraine attack . Br Med J 1969;;3:569-570.
26 +
Mathew NT, Hrastnik F, Meyer JS:  Regional cerebral blood flow in the diagnosis of vascular headache . Headache 1976;;15:252-260.
27 +
Olesen J, Larsen B, Lauritzen M:  Focal hyperemia followed by spreading oligemia and impaired activation of rCBF in classic migraine . Ann Neurol 1981;;9:344-352.
28 +
Grindal AB, Toole JF:  Headache and transient ischemic attacks . Stroke 1974;;5:603-606.
29 +
Edmeads J:  The headaches of ischemic cerebrovascular disease . Headache 1979;;19:345-349.
30 +
Medina JL, Diamond S, Rubino FA:  Headaches in patients with transient ischemic attacks . Headache 1975;;15:194-197.
31 +
Litman GI, Friedman HM:  Migraine and the mitral valve prolapse syndrome . Am Heart J 1978;;96:610-614.
32 +
Skinhøj E:  Hemodynamic studies within the brain during migraine . Arch Neurol 1973;; 29:95-98.
33 +
Norris JW, Hachinski VC, Cooper PW:  Changes in cerebral blood flow during a migraine attack . Br Med J 1975;;3:676-684.
34 +
Edmeads J:  Cerebral blood flow in migraine . Headache 1977;;17:148-152.
35 +
Simard D, Paulson OB:  Cerebral vasomotor paralysis during migraine attack . Arch Neurol 1973;;29:207-209.
36 +
Masel BE, Chesson AL, Peters BH, et al:  Platelet antagonists in migraine prophylaxis: A clinical trial using aspirin and dipyridamole . Headache 1980;;20:13-18.
37 +
O'Neill HP, Mann JD:  Aspirin prophylaxis in migraine . Lancet 1978;;2:1179.
38 +
Ziegler DK, Wong G Jr:  Migraine in children: Clinical and electroencephalographic study of families . Epilepsia 1967;;8:171-187.

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