To the Editor.— In the past two years, we have seen four patients with muscle cramps after each patient underwent a subtotal gastrectomy.Our patients' ages ranged from 43 to 64 years. Painful exertional muscle cramps began from four to six years after each patient underwent a subtotal gastrectomy for a peptic ulcer. All of the patients were men. Cramps involved the upper and lower extremities in every case, as well as the abdominal wall in two cases. Cramps were sustained for several minutes with visible and palpable contraction of muscles (Figure, A). Electromyographically, irregular bursts of muscle action potentials were recorded from the affected muscle (Figure, B). Reflexes were hyperactive in three patients. Fasciculations and mild muscle atrophy were noted in two patients. In one patient, the cramps were induced by repetitive tapping of the muscle tendon, as well as by strong voluntary contractions. In another patient, manual muscle
Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature
Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal
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