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January 1975, Vol 32, No. 1 >
Article | January 1975

Postmortem Changes in Brain Catecholamine Enzymes

Ira B. Black, MD; Susan C. Geen
[+] Author Affiliations

Accepted for publication Aug 1, 1974.

Reprint requests to Department of Neurology, Cornell University Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 (Dr. Black).


Arch Neurol. 1975;32(1):47-49. doi:10.1001/archneur.1975.00490430069012
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Postmortem changes in the activities of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopa decarboxylase, and dopamine-β-hydroxylase were examined in various areas of rat brain. Tyrosine hydroxylase activity decreased in an exponential fashion with a half-time of two to four hours in caudate-putamen, substantia nigra, and locus ceruleus. Dopa decarboxylase activity remained within 20% of control values at five hours in these areas, but then decreased precipitously. Dopamine-β-hydroxylase activity remained within 20% of control for at least 20 hours after death.

REFERENCES

1 +
McDowell F, Barbeau A (eds): Advances in Neurology. Second Canadian-American Conference on Parkinson's Disease, New York, Raven Press, 1974, vol 5.
2 +
Kety SS:  Biochemical theories of schizophrenia . Science 129:1528-1532, 1959;.
3 +
Wise DC, Stein L:  Dopamine-β-hydroxylase deficits in the brains of schizophrenic patients . Science 181:344-347, 1973;.
4 +
Snyder SH, Banerjee SP, Yamamura HI, et al:  Drugs, neurotransmitters and schizophrenia . Science 184:1243-1253, 1974;.
5 +
Perry TL, Berry K, Hansen S, et al:  Regional distribution of amino acids in human brain obtained at autopsy . J Neurochem 18:513-519, 1971;.
6 +
Lloyd KG, Hornykiewicz O:  Occurrence and distribution of aromatic L-amino acid (L-DOPA) decarboxylase in the human brain . J Neurochem 19:1549-1559, 1972;.
7 +
Levitt M, Spector S, Sjoerdsma A, et al:  Elucidation of the rate-limiting step in norepinephrine biosynthesis in the perfused guinea pig heart . J Pharmacol Exp Ther 148:1-8, 1965;.
8 +
Lovenberg W, Weissbach H, Udenfriend S:  Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase . J Biol Chem 237:89-93, 1962;.
9 +
Bogdanski DF, Weissbach H, Udenfriend S:  The distribution of serotonin, 5-hydroxy-tryptophan decarboxylase, and monoamine oxidase in brain . J Neurochem 1:272-278, 1957;.
10 +
Kuntzman R, Shore PA, Bogdanski D, et al:  Microanalytical procedures for fluorometric assay of brain DOPA-5 HTP decarboxylase, nor-epinephrine and serotonin, and a detailed mapping of decarboxylase activity in brain . J Neurochem 6:226-232, 1961;.
11 +
McCaman RE, McCaman MW, Hunt JM, et al:  Microdetermination of monoamine oxidase and 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase activities in nervous tissues . J Neurochem 12:15-23, 1965;.
12 +
Black IB, Hendry IA, Iversen LL:  Differences in the regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase and DOPA decarboxylase in sympathetic ganglia and adrenal . Nature 231:27-29, 1971;.
13 +
Kaufman S, Friedman S:  Dopamine-β-hydroxylase . Pharmacol Rev 17:71-100, 1965;.
14 +
Goldstein M:  Part 2 , in Peisach A, Aisen L, Blumberg C (eds): The Biochemistry of Copper . New York, Academic Press, 1966;, p 443.
15 +
Reis DJ, Molinoff PB:  Brain dopamine-βhydroxylase: Regional distribution and effects of lesions and 6-hydroxydopamine on activity . J Neurochem 19:195-204, 1972;.
16 +
Dahlström A, Fuxe K:  Evidence for the existence of monoamine-containing neurons in the central nervous system: I. Demonstration of monoamines in the cell bodies of brainstem neurons . Acta Physiol Scand 62( (suppl 232) ):1-55, 1964;.
17 +
Anden N-E, Dahlström A, Fuxe K, et al:  Ascending monoamine neurons to the telencephalon and diencephalon . Acta Physiol Scand 67:313-326, 1966;.
18 +
Black IB, Reis DJ:  Ontogeny of the induction of tyrosine hydroxylase by reserpine in the superior cervical ganglion, nucleus locus coeruleus and adrenal gland . Brain Res , to be published.
19 +
König JRR, Klippel RA: The Rat Brain: A Stereotaxic Atlas . Milwaukee, Wis, Robert E. Krieger Publishing Co Inc, 1970;.
20 +
Hendry IA, Iversen LL:  Effect of nerve growth factor and its antiserum on tyrosine hydroxylase activity in mouse superior cervical ganglion . Brain Res 29:159-162, 1971;.
21 +
Black IB, Geen SC:  Trans-synaptic regulation of adrenergic neuron development: Inhibition by ganglionic blockade . Brain Res 63:291-302, 1973;.
22 +
Lamprecht F, Coyle JT:  DOPA decarboxylase in the developing rat brain . Brain Res 41:503-506, 1972;.
23 +
Joh T, Ross RA, Reis DJ:  A simple and sensitive method for dopamine-β-hydroxylase assay . Anal Biochem , to be published.

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1 +
McDowell F, Barbeau A (eds): Advances in Neurology. Second Canadian-American Conference on Parkinson's Disease, New York, Raven Press, 1974, vol 5.
2 +
Kety SS:  Biochemical theories of schizophrenia . Science 129:1528-1532, 1959;.
3 +
Wise DC, Stein L:  Dopamine-β-hydroxylase deficits in the brains of schizophrenic patients . Science 181:344-347, 1973;.
4 +
Snyder SH, Banerjee SP, Yamamura HI, et al:  Drugs, neurotransmitters and schizophrenia . Science 184:1243-1253, 1974;.
5 +
Perry TL, Berry K, Hansen S, et al:  Regional distribution of amino acids in human brain obtained at autopsy . J Neurochem 18:513-519, 1971;.
6 +
Lloyd KG, Hornykiewicz O:  Occurrence and distribution of aromatic L-amino acid (L-DOPA) decarboxylase in the human brain . J Neurochem 19:1549-1559, 1972;.
7 +
Levitt M, Spector S, Sjoerdsma A, et al:  Elucidation of the rate-limiting step in norepinephrine biosynthesis in the perfused guinea pig heart . J Pharmacol Exp Ther 148:1-8, 1965;.
8 +
Lovenberg W, Weissbach H, Udenfriend S:  Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase . J Biol Chem 237:89-93, 1962;.
9 +
Bogdanski DF, Weissbach H, Udenfriend S:  The distribution of serotonin, 5-hydroxy-tryptophan decarboxylase, and monoamine oxidase in brain . J Neurochem 1:272-278, 1957;.
10 +
Kuntzman R, Shore PA, Bogdanski D, et al:  Microanalytical procedures for fluorometric assay of brain DOPA-5 HTP decarboxylase, nor-epinephrine and serotonin, and a detailed mapping of decarboxylase activity in brain . J Neurochem 6:226-232, 1961;.
11 +
McCaman RE, McCaman MW, Hunt JM, et al:  Microdetermination of monoamine oxidase and 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase activities in nervous tissues . J Neurochem 12:15-23, 1965;.
12 +
Black IB, Hendry IA, Iversen LL:  Differences in the regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase and DOPA decarboxylase in sympathetic ganglia and adrenal . Nature 231:27-29, 1971;.
13 +
Kaufman S, Friedman S:  Dopamine-β-hydroxylase . Pharmacol Rev 17:71-100, 1965;.
14 +
Goldstein M:  Part 2 , in Peisach A, Aisen L, Blumberg C (eds): The Biochemistry of Copper . New York, Academic Press, 1966;, p 443.
15 +
Reis DJ, Molinoff PB:  Brain dopamine-βhydroxylase: Regional distribution and effects of lesions and 6-hydroxydopamine on activity . J Neurochem 19:195-204, 1972;.
16 +
Dahlström A, Fuxe K:  Evidence for the existence of monoamine-containing neurons in the central nervous system: I. Demonstration of monoamines in the cell bodies of brainstem neurons . Acta Physiol Scand 62( (suppl 232) ):1-55, 1964;.
17 +
Anden N-E, Dahlström A, Fuxe K, et al:  Ascending monoamine neurons to the telencephalon and diencephalon . Acta Physiol Scand 67:313-326, 1966;.
18 +
Black IB, Reis DJ:  Ontogeny of the induction of tyrosine hydroxylase by reserpine in the superior cervical ganglion, nucleus locus coeruleus and adrenal gland . Brain Res , to be published.
19 +
König JRR, Klippel RA: The Rat Brain: A Stereotaxic Atlas . Milwaukee, Wis, Robert E. Krieger Publishing Co Inc, 1970;.
20 +
Hendry IA, Iversen LL:  Effect of nerve growth factor and its antiserum on tyrosine hydroxylase activity in mouse superior cervical ganglion . Brain Res 29:159-162, 1971;.
21 +
Black IB, Geen SC:  Trans-synaptic regulation of adrenergic neuron development: Inhibition by ganglionic blockade . Brain Res 63:291-302, 1973;.
22 +
Lamprecht F, Coyle JT:  DOPA decarboxylase in the developing rat brain . Brain Res 41:503-506, 1972;.
23 +
Joh T, Ross RA, Reis DJ:  A simple and sensitive method for dopamine-β-hydroxylase assay . Anal Biochem , to be published.

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