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July 1970, Vol 23, No. 1 >
Article | July 1970

Effect of Neuromuscular Blockade on Enzymatic Activities of Muscles

Daniel B. Drachman, MD; Flaviu C. A. Romanul, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Submitted for publication Dec 19, 1969; accepted Jan 20, 1970.

Reprint requests to Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore 21205 (Dr. Drachman).


Arch Neurol. 1970;23(1):85-89. doi:10.1001/archneur.1970.00480250089013
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MAMMALIAN skeletal muscles are composed of two main types of fibers which differ in metabolic and physiological properties. The type of fiber which predominates in "red" or slow muscles, such as the soleus, is marked by high activities of the enzymes of oxidative and lipid metabolism. By contrast, the fiber type which predominates in "white" or fast muscles, such as the extensor digitorum longus, has greater activity of the enzymes of anaerobic glycolysis.1-3

It has recently been established that the specific motor innervation plays an important role in determining these differences in muscle properties. After sectioning and cross-uniting nerves to red and white muscles, both the histochemical characteristics4,5 and the speeds of contraction of the muscles6,7 become reversed. Denervation results in slowing of both fast and slow muscles8,9 and disappearance of the differences in their enzymatic activities.10,11 influence these properties of muscle has been

REFERENCES

1 +
Dubowitz V, Pearse AG:  Comparative histochemical study of oxidative enzymes and phosphorylase activity in skeletal muscle . Histochemie 2:105-117, 1960;.
2 +
Romanul FCA:  Enzymes in muscle: I. Histochemical studies of enzymes in individual muscle fibers . Arch Neurol 11:355-368, 1964;.
3 +
Dawson DM, Romanul FCA:  Enzymes in muscle: II. Histochemical and quantitive studies . Arch Neurol 11:369-378, 1964;.
4 +
Romanul FCA, Van Der Meulen JP:  Reversal of the enzyme profiles of muscle fibers in fast and slow muscles by cross-innervation . Nature 212:1369-1370, 1966;.
5 +
Dubowitz V, Newman DL:  Change in enzyme pattern after cross-innervation of fast and slow skeletal muscle . Nature 214:840-841, 1967;.
6 +
Buller AJ, Eccles JC, Eccles RM:  Interactions between motorneurones and muscles in respect of the characteristic speeds of their responses . J Physiol 150:417-439, 1960;.
7 +
Close R:  Effects of cross-union of motor nerves to fast and slow skeletal muscles . Nature 206:831-832, 1965;.
8 +
Eccles JC, Eccles R, Kozak W:  Further investigations on the influence of motorneurones on the speed of muscle contraction . J Physiol 163:324-339, 1962;.
9 +
Lewis DM:  The effects of denervation on the speeds of contraction on striated muscle . J Physiol 161:24, 1962;.
10 +
Romanul FCA, Hogan EL:  Enzymatic changes in denervated muscle: I. Histochemical studies . Arch Neurol 13:263-273, 1965;.
11 +
Hogan EL, Dawson DM, Romanul FCA:  Enzymatic changes in denervated muscle: II. Biochemical studies . Arch Neurol 13:274-282, 1965;.
12 +
Eccles JC:  The effects of nerve cross-union on muscle contraction , in Milhorat AT (ed): Exploratory Concepts in Muscular Dystrophy , Excerpta Medica Foundation, 1967;, pp 151-160.
13 +
Drachman DB, Houk J:  Effect of botulinum toxin on speed of skeletal muscle contraction . Amer J Physiol 216:1453-1455, 1969;.
14 +
Duff JT, Wright GG, Klerer J, et al:  Studies on immunity to toxins of Clostridium botulinum: I. A simplified procedure for isolation of type A toxin . J Bact 73:42-47, 1957;.
15 +
Brooks VB:  An intracellular study of the action of repetitive nerve volleys and of botulinum toxin on miniature end-plate potentials . J Physiol 134:264-277, 1956;.
16 +
Burgen ASV, Dickens F, Zatman LJ:  The action of botulinum toxin on the neuromuscular junction . J Physiol 109:10-24, 1949;.
17 +
Lamanna C:  The most poisonous poison . Science 130:763-772, 1969;.
18 +
Drachman DB:  Atrophy of skeletal muscle in chick embryos treated with botulinum toxin . Science 145:719-721, 1964;.
19 +
Drachman DB: The role of acetylcholine as a trophic neuromuscular transmitter, in Ciba Foundation Symposium on Development of the Nervous System, London, J & A Churchill Ltd, 1968.
20 +
Jirmanova I, Sobotkova M, Thesleff S, et al:  Atrophy in skeletal muscles poisoned with botulinum toxin . Physiol Bohemoslov 13:467-472, 1964;.
21 +
Thesleff S:  Supersensitivity of skeletal muscles produced by botulinum toxin . J Physiol 151:598-607, 1960;.
22 +
Duchen LW, Strich S:  The effects of botulinum toxin on the pattern of innervation of skeletal muscle in the mouse . Quart J Exp Physiol 53:84-89, 1968;.
23 +
Josefsson JO, Thesleff S:  Electromyographic findings in experimental botulinum intoxication . Acta Physiol Scand 51:163-168, 1961;.
24 +
Hofmann WW, Thesleff S, Zelena J:  Innervation of botulinum poisoned skeletal muscles by accessory nerves . J Physiol 171:27-28, 1964;.

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1 +
Dubowitz V, Pearse AG:  Comparative histochemical study of oxidative enzymes and phosphorylase activity in skeletal muscle . Histochemie 2:105-117, 1960;.
2 +
Romanul FCA:  Enzymes in muscle: I. Histochemical studies of enzymes in individual muscle fibers . Arch Neurol 11:355-368, 1964;.
3 +
Dawson DM, Romanul FCA:  Enzymes in muscle: II. Histochemical and quantitive studies . Arch Neurol 11:369-378, 1964;.
4 +
Romanul FCA, Van Der Meulen JP:  Reversal of the enzyme profiles of muscle fibers in fast and slow muscles by cross-innervation . Nature 212:1369-1370, 1966;.
5 +
Dubowitz V, Newman DL:  Change in enzyme pattern after cross-innervation of fast and slow skeletal muscle . Nature 214:840-841, 1967;.
6 +
Buller AJ, Eccles JC, Eccles RM:  Interactions between motorneurones and muscles in respect of the characteristic speeds of their responses . J Physiol 150:417-439, 1960;.
7 +
Close R:  Effects of cross-union of motor nerves to fast and slow skeletal muscles . Nature 206:831-832, 1965;.
8 +
Eccles JC, Eccles R, Kozak W:  Further investigations on the influence of motorneurones on the speed of muscle contraction . J Physiol 163:324-339, 1962;.
9 +
Lewis DM:  The effects of denervation on the speeds of contraction on striated muscle . J Physiol 161:24, 1962;.
10 +
Romanul FCA, Hogan EL:  Enzymatic changes in denervated muscle: I. Histochemical studies . Arch Neurol 13:263-273, 1965;.
11 +
Hogan EL, Dawson DM, Romanul FCA:  Enzymatic changes in denervated muscle: II. Biochemical studies . Arch Neurol 13:274-282, 1965;.
12 +
Eccles JC:  The effects of nerve cross-union on muscle contraction , in Milhorat AT (ed): Exploratory Concepts in Muscular Dystrophy , Excerpta Medica Foundation, 1967;, pp 151-160.
13 +
Drachman DB, Houk J:  Effect of botulinum toxin on speed of skeletal muscle contraction . Amer J Physiol 216:1453-1455, 1969;.
14 +
Duff JT, Wright GG, Klerer J, et al:  Studies on immunity to toxins of Clostridium botulinum: I. A simplified procedure for isolation of type A toxin . J Bact 73:42-47, 1957;.
15 +
Brooks VB:  An intracellular study of the action of repetitive nerve volleys and of botulinum toxin on miniature end-plate potentials . J Physiol 134:264-277, 1956;.
16 +
Burgen ASV, Dickens F, Zatman LJ:  The action of botulinum toxin on the neuromuscular junction . J Physiol 109:10-24, 1949;.
17 +
Lamanna C:  The most poisonous poison . Science 130:763-772, 1969;.
18 +
Drachman DB:  Atrophy of skeletal muscle in chick embryos treated with botulinum toxin . Science 145:719-721, 1964;.
19 +
Drachman DB: The role of acetylcholine as a trophic neuromuscular transmitter, in Ciba Foundation Symposium on Development of the Nervous System, London, J & A Churchill Ltd, 1968.
20 +
Jirmanova I, Sobotkova M, Thesleff S, et al:  Atrophy in skeletal muscles poisoned with botulinum toxin . Physiol Bohemoslov 13:467-472, 1964;.
21 +
Thesleff S:  Supersensitivity of skeletal muscles produced by botulinum toxin . J Physiol 151:598-607, 1960;.
22 +
Duchen LW, Strich S:  The effects of botulinum toxin on the pattern of innervation of skeletal muscle in the mouse . Quart J Exp Physiol 53:84-89, 1968;.
23 +
Josefsson JO, Thesleff S:  Electromyographic findings in experimental botulinum intoxication . Acta Physiol Scand 51:163-168, 1961;.
24 +
Hofmann WW, Thesleff S, Zelena J:  Innervation of botulinum poisoned skeletal muscles by accessory nerves . J Physiol 171:27-28, 1964;.

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