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May 1970, Vol 22, No. 5 >
Article | May 1970

The Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Title and subTitle BreakRelationship of Circulating Immunocytes to Disease Activity

Stuart D. Cook, MD; Peter C. Dowling, MD; John N. Whitaker, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Submitted for publication Nov 6, 1969; accepted Dec 18.

Read in part before the Sixth National Meeting of the Reticuloendothelial Society, San Francisco, Dec 4, 1969.

Reprint requests to Neurological Institute, 710 W 168th St, New York 10032 (Dr. Cook).


Arch Neurol. 1970;22(5):470-474. doi:10.1001/archneur.1970.00480230088011
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THE Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute polyneuropathy of humans characterized histologically by mononuclear cell infiltrates and segmental demyelination.1-3 Although described initially by Landry4 in 1859, and Guillain et al5 in 1916, the etiology and pathogenesis of this important disorder still remain unknown. In 1955, Waksman and Adams6 described a peripheral neuropathy in animals, experimental allergic neuritis (EAN), produced by the injection of peripheral nervous tissue in complete Freund's adjuvant. Because of the similar clinical and pathologic features in this immune-mediated experimental disease, and the GBS, a common mechanism of tissue injury was postulated.

Recent studies have shown that increased numbers of atypical basophilic mononuclear cells, many of which are synthesizing DNA, occur in peripheral blood during immune reactions.7-9 These circulating sensitized cells, or immunocytes, are presumed to mirror the intense concomitant proliferation occurring in the host's lymphoid tissues. Circulating immunocytes have also

REFERENCES

1 +
Haymaker W, Kernohan JW:  Landry-Guillain Barré syndrome—50 fatal cases and a critique of the literature . Medicine 28:59-141, 1949;.
2 +
Asbury AK, Arnason BG, Adams RD:  The inflammatory lesion in idiopathic polyneuritis—its role in pathogenesis . Medicine 48:173-215, 1969;.
3 +
Wisniewski H, Terry RD, Whitaker JN, et al:  Landry-Guillain-Barré syndrome: A primary demyelinating disease . Arch Neurol 21:269-276, 1969;.
4 +
Landry O:  Note sur la paralysie ascendante aigue . Gaz Hebd Med 6:472-486, 1859;.
5 +
Guillain G, Barré JA, Strohl A:  Sur un syndrome de radiculonevrite avec hyperalbuminose du liquide cephalo-rachidien sans reaction cellulaire: Remarques sur les caracteres cliniques et graphiques des reflexes Tendineux . Bull Soc Med Hop Paris 40:1462-1470, 1916;.
6 +
Waksman BH, Adams RD:  Allergic neuritis: An experimental disease of rabbits induced by the injection of peripheral nervous tissue and adjuvants . J Exp Med 102:213-235, 1955;.
7 +
Dowling PC, Cook SD:  The in vitro synthesis of a demyelinating factor by circulating immunocytes in EAE . Neurology 18:295, 1968;.
8 +
Dowling PC, Cook SD:  Pattern of cellular and humoral events in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis . Neurology 18:953-962, 1968;.
9 +
Crowther D, Fairley GH, Sewell RL:  Lymphoid cellular responses in the blood after immunization in man . J Exp Med 129:849-869, 1969;.
10 +
Cook SD, Dowling PC:  DNA synthesizing peripheral blood leukocytes in neurologic disease . J Neuropath Exp Neurol 28:181, 1969;.
11 +
Cook SD, Dowling PC:  Neurologic disorders associated with increased DNA synthesis in peripheral blood . Arch Neurol 19:583-590, 1968;.
12 +
Behan PO, et al: Immunopathologic mechanisms of allergic neuritis in animals, primates, and man. Program of the 94th Meeting of the American Neurologic Association, June 1969, p 58.
13 +
Rubini JR, et al:  DNA synthesis in circulating blood leukocytes labeled in vitro with H3-thymidine . J Lab Clin Med 58:751-762, 1961;.
14 +
Stillman JS, Ganong WF:  Guillain-Barré syndrome: Report of case treated with ACTH and cortisone . New Eng J Med 246:293-296, 1952;.
15 +
Blood A, Loche W, Carabosi R:  Corticotropin therapy in Guillain-Barré syndrome . JAMA 152:139-140, 1953;.
16 +
Dedekam H, Lonnum A:  Steroidbehandling ve polyradiculonevritt av typen Guillain-Barré syndrom . Nord Med 70:941-951, 1963;.
17 +
Palmer KNV:  Polyradiculopathy (Guillain-Barré syndrome) treated with 6-mercaptopurine . Lancet 1:733-734, 1965;.
18 +
Baig AR, Kies MW:  Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE): Pyroninophilic lymphocytes . Fed Proc 28:500, 1969;.
19 +
Whitaker, JN, Hirano A, Cook SD, et al:  Circulating transformed lymphocytes in Guillain-Barré syndrome . Neurology 19:313, 1969;.
20 +
Wenk EJ, Levine S, Warren B:  Passive transfer of allergic encephalomyelitis with blood leukocytes . Nature 214:803-804, 1967;.
21 +
Cook SD, Murray MR, Whitaker JN, et al:  Synthesis of demyelinating factor by immunocytes in Guillain-Barré syndrome . Neurology 19:313-314, 1969;.
22 +
Cook S, Murray MR, Whitaker JN, et al:  Myelinotoxic antibody in the Guillain-Barré syndrome . Neurology 19:284, 1969;.

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1 +
Haymaker W, Kernohan JW:  Landry-Guillain Barré syndrome—50 fatal cases and a critique of the literature . Medicine 28:59-141, 1949;.
2 +
Asbury AK, Arnason BG, Adams RD:  The inflammatory lesion in idiopathic polyneuritis—its role in pathogenesis . Medicine 48:173-215, 1969;.
3 +
Wisniewski H, Terry RD, Whitaker JN, et al:  Landry-Guillain-Barré syndrome: A primary demyelinating disease . Arch Neurol 21:269-276, 1969;.
4 +
Landry O:  Note sur la paralysie ascendante aigue . Gaz Hebd Med 6:472-486, 1859;.
5 +
Guillain G, Barré JA, Strohl A:  Sur un syndrome de radiculonevrite avec hyperalbuminose du liquide cephalo-rachidien sans reaction cellulaire: Remarques sur les caracteres cliniques et graphiques des reflexes Tendineux . Bull Soc Med Hop Paris 40:1462-1470, 1916;.
6 +
Waksman BH, Adams RD:  Allergic neuritis: An experimental disease of rabbits induced by the injection of peripheral nervous tissue and adjuvants . J Exp Med 102:213-235, 1955;.
7 +
Dowling PC, Cook SD:  The in vitro synthesis of a demyelinating factor by circulating immunocytes in EAE . Neurology 18:295, 1968;.
8 +
Dowling PC, Cook SD:  Pattern of cellular and humoral events in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis . Neurology 18:953-962, 1968;.
9 +
Crowther D, Fairley GH, Sewell RL:  Lymphoid cellular responses in the blood after immunization in man . J Exp Med 129:849-869, 1969;.
10 +
Cook SD, Dowling PC:  DNA synthesizing peripheral blood leukocytes in neurologic disease . J Neuropath Exp Neurol 28:181, 1969;.
11 +
Cook SD, Dowling PC:  Neurologic disorders associated with increased DNA synthesis in peripheral blood . Arch Neurol 19:583-590, 1968;.
12 +
Behan PO, et al: Immunopathologic mechanisms of allergic neuritis in animals, primates, and man. Program of the 94th Meeting of the American Neurologic Association, June 1969, p 58.
13 +
Rubini JR, et al:  DNA synthesis in circulating blood leukocytes labeled in vitro with H3-thymidine . J Lab Clin Med 58:751-762, 1961;.
14 +
Stillman JS, Ganong WF:  Guillain-Barré syndrome: Report of case treated with ACTH and cortisone . New Eng J Med 246:293-296, 1952;.
15 +
Blood A, Loche W, Carabosi R:  Corticotropin therapy in Guillain-Barré syndrome . JAMA 152:139-140, 1953;.
16 +
Dedekam H, Lonnum A:  Steroidbehandling ve polyradiculonevritt av typen Guillain-Barré syndrom . Nord Med 70:941-951, 1963;.
17 +
Palmer KNV:  Polyradiculopathy (Guillain-Barré syndrome) treated with 6-mercaptopurine . Lancet 1:733-734, 1965;.
18 +
Baig AR, Kies MW:  Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE): Pyroninophilic lymphocytes . Fed Proc 28:500, 1969;.
19 +
Whitaker, JN, Hirano A, Cook SD, et al:  Circulating transformed lymphocytes in Guillain-Barré syndrome . Neurology 19:313, 1969;.
20 +
Wenk EJ, Levine S, Warren B:  Passive transfer of allergic encephalomyelitis with blood leukocytes . Nature 214:803-804, 1967;.
21 +
Cook SD, Murray MR, Whitaker JN, et al:  Synthesis of demyelinating factor by immunocytes in Guillain-Barré syndrome . Neurology 19:313-314, 1969;.
22 +
Cook S, Murray MR, Whitaker JN, et al:  Myelinotoxic antibody in the Guillain-Barré syndrome . Neurology 19:284, 1969;.

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