Objective
To study the effect of familial Alzheimer disease (FAD) mutations and APOE genotype on plasma signaling protein levels.
Design
Cross-sectional comparison of plasma levels of 77 proteins measured using multiplex immune assays.
Setting
A tertiary referral dementia research center.
Participants
Thirty-three persons from families harboring PSEN1 or APP mutations, aged 19 to 59 years.
Main Outcome Measures
Protein levels were compared between FAD mutation carriers (MCs) and noncarriers (NCs) and among APOE genotype groups, using multiple linear regression models.
Results
Twenty-one participants were FAD MCs and 12 were NCs. Six had the APOE ϵ2/3, 6 had the ϵ3/4, and 21 had the ϵ3/3 genotype. Levels of 17 proteins differed among APOE genotype groups, and there were significant interactions between age and APOE genotype for 12 proteins. Plasma levels of apolipoprotein E and superoxide dismutase 1 were highest in the ϵ2 carriers, lowest in ϵ4 carriers, and intermediate in the ϵ3 carriers. Levels of multiple interleukins showed the opposite pattern and, among the ϵ4 carriers, demonstrated significant negative correlations with age. Although there were no significant differences between FAD MCs and NCs, there were interactions between mutation status and APOE genotype for 13 proteins.
Conclusions
We found different patterns of inflammatory markers in young and middle-aged persons among APOE genotype groups. The APOE ϵ4 carriers had the lowest levels of apolipoprotein E. Young ϵ4 carriers have increased inflammatory markers that diminish with age. We demonstrated altered inflammatory responses in young and middle adulthood in ϵ4 carriers that may relate to AD risk later in life.